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Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates known for their dry, scaly skin and ability to thrive in warm environments. Most reptiles lay eggs, and many species—such as lizards, snakes, turtles, and crocodiles—play important roles in maintaining balanced ecosystems. Their unique adaptations help them survive in deserts, forests, wetlands, and grasslands.
Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates known for their fur, giving birth to live young, and feeding their offspring with milk. They are found across almost every habitat on Earth — from forests and grasslands to deserts and oceans — and play important roles in maintaining healthy ecosystems. Their diversity includes large animals like elephants and small species like rodents, showcasing a wide range of behaviors, adaptations, and survival strategies.
Birds are warm-blooded vertebrates known for their feathers, lightweight skeletons, and ability to fly. Found in nearly every habitat on Earth — from forests and deserts to wetlands and coastlines — birds play a vital role in ecosystems. They help control insect populations, pollinate plants, disperse seeds, and act as important indicators of environmental health.
Studying birds helps us understand animal behavior, migration patterns, adaptations, and the balance of nature. Whether soaring through the sky or hunting on the ground, birds are some of the most diverse and fascinating creatures in the natural world.
Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions in a specific place over a short period of time. It includes temperature, rainfall, wind, humidity, cloud cover, and other elements that influence our daily environment. Understanding weather helps us prepare for natural changes, predict conditions, and make informed decisions in our day-to-day lives.
Geology is the study of the Earth—its materials, its structure, and the powerful natural processes that shape our planet. From towering mountains and deep oceans to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and the formation of rocks and minerals, geology helps us understand how the Earth has changed over millions of years and how it continues to evolve today.
This course will introduce you to the foundations of geology, explore the three major rock types, examine Earth’s internal structure, and discover how geological forces impact ecosystems, landscapes, and human life.